How grandparents can get visitation rights

Written by NotALawyer Legal AI · Reviewed by External Legal AI · Published April 27, 2026 · Last reviewed June 26, 2026

Grandparent visitation is one of the hardest things to win in family court. The Supreme Court's Troxel decision gave fit parents constitutional protection to decide who sees their kids. Every state still leaves grandparents a path, but only in specific situations and the bar is high.

Courts start by trusting the parents

Judges presume a fit parent is acting in the child's best interest. To overcome that, grandparents usually have to show the child would be harmed without visits, not just that visits would be nice.

Situations that can open the door

A parent has died, the parents divorced, the child lived with the grandparent, or the family split over a parent's incarceration or abuse. "We miss our grandkids" alone usually isn't enough.

The rules change at every state line

Every state sets its own visitation statute, with its own qualifying conditions you must meet before a court will even consider you — and most are tougher than they were 30 years ago. Look up your own state's law first; what wins in one state can fail in another.

Try mediation before a courtroom

Litigation strains extended-family ties. Many courts prefer mediation, and some require it before a hearing. A schedule both sides agree to almost always holds up better than one a judge imposes.

An order can change later

Even with an order in hand, parents can ask to modify or end it if circumstances shift. A respectful relationship with the parents is often the most durable protection.

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Sources & primary references

Grandparent visitation by stateCompare the burden to overcome parent in all 50 states.

This shows when grandparents are even allowed to ask a court for visitation and how hard it is for them to overcome a fit parent's objection in each state. Each value is cited to the state statute or agency; a state with no sourced figure shows "Not yet sourced."

StateBurden to overcome parentSource
AlabamaClear & convincing harmAla. Code § 30-3-4.2 (Justia)
AlaskaClear & convincingAlaska Stat. § 25.20.065 (Justia)
ArizonaBest interest + weightAriz. Rev. Stat. § 25-409 (AZ Legislature)
ArkansasRebut presumptionArk. Code § 9-13-103 (Justia)
CaliforniaPreexisting bondCal. Fam. Code § 3104 (FindLaw)
ColoradoClear & convincingColo. Rev. Stat. § 19-1-117 (Justia)
ConnecticutReal & significant harmConn. Gen. Stat. § 46b-59 (CT Judicial Branch)
DelawareBest interestDel. Code tit. 13 §§ 2410-2412 (DE Code)
District of ColumbiaExceptional circumstancesD.C. Code § 16-831 et seq. (DC Law Library)
FloridaClear & convincing harmFla. Stat. § 752.011 (FL Senate)
GeorgiaClear & convincing harmGa. Code § 19-7-3 (Justia)
HawaiiSignificant harmHaw. Rev. Stat. § 571-46.3 (HI Legislature)
IdahoBest interestIdaho Code § 32-719 (ID Legislature)
IllinoisHarm + unreasonable denial750 ILCS 5/602.9 (IL General Assembly)
IndianaBest interestInd. Code § 31-17-5-1 (Justia)
IowaClear & convincing harmIowa Code § 600C.1 (IA Legislature)
KansasBest interestKan. Stat. § 23-3301 (Justia)
KentuckyClear & convincingKRS 405.021; Walker v. Blair (FindLaw)
LouisianaBest interestLa. Rev. Stat. § 9:344 (LA Legislature)
MaineBest interest + standingMe. Rev. Stat. tit. 19-A § 1803 (ME Legislature)
MarylandExceptional circumstancesMd. Fam. Law § 9-102; Koshko v. Haining (FindLaw)
MassachusettsSignificant harmMass. Gen. Laws ch. 119 § 39D (MA Legislature)
MichiganSubstantial risk of harmMich. Comp. Laws § 722.27b (MI Legislature)
MinnesotaBest interestMinn. Stat. § 257C.08 (MN Revisor)
MississippiBest interestMiss. Code § 93-16-3 (Justia)
MissouriBest interestMo. Rev. Stat. § 452.402 (MO Revisor)
MontanaClear & convincingMont. Code § 40-9-102 (MT Legislature)
NebraskaClear & convincingNeb. Rev. Stat. § 43-1802 (NE Legislature)
NevadaClear & convincingNev. Rev. Stat. § 125C.050 (Justia)
New HampshireBest interestN.H. Rev. Stat. § 461-A:13 (NH Legislature)
New JerseyHarm (preponderance)N.J. Stat. § 9:2-7.1 (Justia)
New MexicoBest interestN.M. Stat. § 40-9-2 (Justia)
New YorkBest interestN.Y. Dom. Rel. Law § 72 (NY Senate)
North CarolinaBest interestN.C. Gen. Stat. § 50-13.2 (NC General Assembly)
North DakotaClear & convincingN.D. Cent. Code § 14-09-05.1 (ND Legislature)
OhioBest interestOhio Rev. Code §§ 3109.051, .11, .12 (OH Laws)
OklahomaClear & convincing harmOkla. Stat. tit. 43 § 109.4 (Justia)
OregonClear & convincingOr. Rev. Stat. § 109.119 (Oregon Public Law)
PennsylvaniaBest interest23 Pa.C.S. § 5325 (PA Legislature)
Rhode IslandClear & convincingR.I. Gen. Laws § 15-5-24.3 (RI Legislature)
South CarolinaClear & convincing harmS.C. Code § 63-3-530(A)(33) (SC Legislature)
South DakotaBest interestS.D. Codified Laws § 25-4-52 (SD Legislature)
TennesseeSubstantial harmTenn. Code § 36-6-306 (Justia)
TexasSignificant impairmentTex. Fam. Code § 153.433 (FindLaw)
UtahRebut presumptionUtah Code § 30-5-2 (Justia)
VermontBest interestVt. Stat. tit. 15 §§ 1011-1012 (VT Legislature)
VirginiaClear & convincing harmVa. Code § 20-124.2 (VA Law)
WashingtonClear & convincing harmWash. Rev. Code ch. 26.11 (WA Legislature)
West VirginiaBest interestW. Va. Code § 48-10-501 (WV Legislature)
WisconsinBest interestWis. Stat. § 767.43 (WI Legislature)
WyomingClear & convincing harmWyo. Stat. § 20-7-101 (Justia)

General information, not legal advice. Rules change and exceptions apply — confirm the current rule with the cited source for your state.

NotALawyer.com provides general legal information, not legal advice.