What is a non-compete agreement and is it enforceable?

Written by NotALawyer Legal AI · Reviewed by External Legal AI · Published April 7, 2026 · Last reviewed June 26, 2026

A non-compete is a contract that limits where you can work after you leave a job — usually barring you from a competitor or from starting a competing business for a set time. Whether it actually holds up depends a lot on your state and how the agreement is written. Many states have moved to restrict or ban them.

Status check — as of 2026-07-02

FTC nationwide non-compete ban (2024 Non-Compete Clause Rule)vacated — appeals dropped

A federal court in Texas set the rule aside nationwide in August 2024 and the FTC dropped its appeals in September 2025, so there is no federal ban — what protects you now is state law (California, Oklahoma, North Dakota, and Minnesota generally refuse to enforce non-competes, and many states restrict them) plus the FTC's continuing case-by-case enforcement against abusive ones. FTC press release, Sept. 5, 2025 — Commission accedes to vacatur of the Non-Compete Clause Rule

Some states ban non-competes outright

California, Oklahoma, North Dakota, and Minnesota generally won't enforce them at all. Many other states limit them for low-wage workers. The FTC pushed for a nationwide ban, but courts struck it down and the agency dropped it in 2026 — for now there's no federal ban, so enforceability comes down to your state.

Courts test whether the terms are reasonable

Even where non-competes are allowed, a court weighs the time limit (often 6 months to 2 years), how big the geographic area is, and what work is actually blocked. Agreements that reach too far often get cut down or thrown out.

You usually need to have gotten something for it (consideration)

To be enforceable, you generally had to receive something in exchange — a job offer, a promotion, a bonus, or access to trade secrets. Some states demand more than just keeping your existing job.

NDAs and non-solicit clauses are not the same thing

An NDA protects confidential information. A non-solicitation clause bars you from poaching clients or coworkers. Both are usually easier to enforce than a non-compete and can apply even in states that ban non-competes.

The terms are often negotiable

Before signing, people frequently negotiate a shorter time limit, a smaller area, or carve-outs for certain roles or industries. Being asked to sign after you already started can add to your leverage.

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Sources & primary references

Non compete enforceability by stateCompare the non-compete enforceability in all 50 states.

Whether your employer can stop you from taking a similar job after you leave depends on your state, which may ban these non-compete agreements outright, allow them only for workers above a pay line, or enforce them only if their time, scope, and geography are reasonable. Each value is cited to the state statute or agency; a state with no sourced figure shows "Not yet sourced."

StateNon-compete enforceabilitySource
AlabamaReasonableness testKatz Banks nationwide non-compete tracker
AlaskaReasonableness testPaycor: Non-Compete Laws by State (2025)
ArizonaReasonableness testPaycor: Non-Compete Laws by State (2025)
ArkansasReasonableness testSaul Ewing: VA/AR/WY restrictive-covenant update (2025)
CaliforniaBannedCal. Bus. & Prof. Code §16600
ColoradoPay-based limitFoley: 2025 Noncompete Income Thresholds
ConnecticutReasonableness testPaycor: Non-Compete Laws by State (2025)
DelawareReasonableness testPaycor: Non-Compete Laws by State (2025)
District of ColumbiaPay-based limitFoley: 2025 Noncompete Income Thresholds
FloridaReasonableness testKatz Banks nationwide non-compete tracker
GeorgiaReasonableness testKatz Banks nationwide non-compete tracker
HawaiiReasonableness testKatz Banks nationwide non-compete tracker
IdahoReasonableness testPaycor: Non-Compete Laws by State (2025)
IllinoisPay-based limitFoley: 2025 Noncompete Income Thresholds
IndianaReasonableness testKatz Banks nationwide non-compete tracker
IowaReasonableness testPaycor: Non-Compete Laws by State (2025)
KansasReasonableness testPaycor: Non-Compete Laws by State (2025)
KentuckyReasonableness testPaycor: Non-Compete Laws by State (2025)
LouisianaVoid with exceptionsBreazeale Sachse & Wilson: Louisiana non-compete law
MainePay-based limitFoley: 2025 Noncompete Income Thresholds
MarylandPay-based limitFoley: 2025 Noncompete Income Thresholds
MassachusettsPay-based limitKatz Banks nationwide non-compete tracker
MichiganReasonableness testKatz Banks nationwide non-compete tracker
MinnesotaBannedMinn. Stat. §181.988
MississippiReasonableness testPaycor: Non-Compete Laws by State (2025)
MissouriReasonableness testPaycor: Non-Compete Laws by State (2025)
MontanaReasonableness testPaycor: Non-Compete Laws by State (2025)
NebraskaReasonableness testPaycor: Non-Compete Laws by State (2025)
NevadaPay-based limitKatz Banks nationwide non-compete tracker
New HampshirePay-based limitFoley: 2025 Noncompete Income Thresholds
New JerseyReasonableness testPaycor: Non-Compete Laws by State (2025)
New MexicoReasonableness testPaycor: Non-Compete Laws by State (2025)
New YorkReasonableness testKatz Banks nationwide non-compete tracker
North CarolinaReasonableness testPaycor: Non-Compete Laws by State (2025)
North DakotaBannedKatz Banks nationwide non-compete tracker
OhioReasonableness testPaycor: Non-Compete Laws by State (2025)
OklahomaBannedKatz Banks nationwide non-compete tracker
OregonPay-based limitFoley: 2025 Noncompete Income Thresholds
PennsylvaniaReasonableness testKatz Banks nationwide non-compete tracker
Rhode IslandPay-based limitFoley: 2025 Noncompete Income Thresholds
South CarolinaReasonableness testPaycor: Non-Compete Laws by State (2025)
South DakotaReasonableness testPaycor: Non-Compete Laws by State (2025)
TennesseeReasonableness testPaycor: Non-Compete Laws by State (2025)
TexasReasonableness testKatz Banks nationwide non-compete tracker
UtahReasonableness testKatz Banks nationwide non-compete tracker
VermontReasonableness testPaycor: Non-Compete Laws by State (2025)
VirginiaPay-based limitSaul Ewing: VA/AR/WY restrictive-covenant update (2025)
WashingtonPay-based limitFoley: 2025 Noncompete Income Thresholds
West VirginiaReasonableness testPaycor: Non-Compete Laws by State (2025)
WisconsinReasonableness testKatz Banks nationwide non-compete tracker
WyomingMostly bannedWyoming Senate File 107 (2025)

General information, not legal advice. Rules change and exceptions apply — confirm the current rule with the cited source for your state.

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