How to Respond to a Summons (Don't Ignore It)

Getting served with a summons is stressful, but ignoring it is the worst thing you can do. The summons starts a clock — typically 20 to 30 days — to file a written answer. Miss the deadline and the other side can get a default judgment for everything they asked for. Here's the practical playbook.

1. Read the summons and complaint carefully

The summons tells you the court, the case number, who's suing, and how long you have to answer. The complaint sets out what they're claiming. Read both end to end, even if they're confusing.

2. Note the answer deadline immediately

Most state-court summonses give 20–30 days to file an answer. Federal court is typically 21. The clock starts on the date you were served, not the date on the document. Calendar it twice.

3. Decide between answering or hiring a lawyer

Simple debt collection cases under a few thousand dollars can sometimes be answered pro se. Anything more complex — personal injury, contract dispute, employment — usually warrants at least a consultation with a lawyer.

4. File an answer responding to each allegation

Your answer admits, denies, or says you lack knowledge as to each numbered paragraph in the complaint. Add any affirmative defenses (statute of limitations, lack of standing, etc.). File with the court and serve the other side.

5. Don't miss it = default judgment

If you don't answer in time, the plaintiff can move for default judgment — a judgment for the full amount asked, plus fees and costs, with no review of the merits. Default judgments are very hard to overturn.

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